NANOTECHNOLOGY APPROACHES TO CROSSING THE BBB AND DRUG DELIVERY TO THE CNS

Nanotechnology as emerged as a promising approach in overcoming the limitations of conventional drug delivery to the central nervous system (CNS). The presence of the Blood- Brain Barrier restricts the entry of most therapeutic agents into the brain, posing a significant challenge in the treatment of neurological disorders and brain tumors. This study highlights the role of nanotechnology-based delivery systems in enhancing drug transport across the BBB. Various nanocarriers, including polymeric nanoparticles, liposomes, solid lipid nanoparticles, and nanogels, have been explored for their ability to encapsulate drugs and protect them from degradation. Surface-modified nanoparticles, such as polysorbate-80 coated systems, facilitate receptor-mediated endocytosis, enabling efficient brain targeting. These nanodevices not only improve drug bioavailability but also allow controlled and sustained release at the target site.Additionally, nanotechnology plays a crucial role in the delivery of macromolecules such as peptides and oligonucleotides, which otherwise cannot cross the BBB. Studies have demonstrated significantly enhanced drug accumulation in brain tissues and improved therapeutic outcomes, particularly in conditions such as brain tumors and neurodegenerative diseases.In, nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems represent a transformative strategy for CNS therapeutics by enabling targeted, efficient, and minimally invasive treatment. Despite existing challenges related to safety and scalability, ongoing research continues to advance their clinical potential.