Integrated pcm-based thermal absorptive mulch and biochar trench system for forest fire resistance

The present invention discloses a modular, passive wildfire mitigation system termed Smart Pyro-Resistant Forest Zones,
designed to protect forest-adjacent communities, infrastructure, and ecologically sensitive landscapes. The invention integrates
two synergistic components: a top-layer mulch mat embedded with phase change materials (PCMs) and a sub-layer biochar
buffer trench. The mulch mat is fabricated from palm frond fibers infused with a eutectic PCM blend (palm stearin–lauric acid)
and encapsulated within thermally stable silica aerogel microspheres. When exposed to elevated temperatures between 45°C and
60°C, the PCMs absorb radiant heat, undergoing a solid–liquid transition that passively delays surface ignition. Beneath this
thermal-absorptive layer lies a trench of granular biochar derived from pyrolyzed pinewood, which acts as a non-combustible
flame barrier, reducing lateral fire spread and enhancing soil carbon content post-exposure. Anchoring is achieved using
biodegradable bamboo stakes, enabling low-tech or drone-based deployment in fire-prone terrains. The dual-action system
demonstrates significant delay in ignition and lateral flame propagation, requiring no external energy input and degrading fully
within one year. The invention is environmentally restorative, cost-effective, and scalable, offering a breakthrough in sustainable
fire management strategies under the growing threat of climate-induced wildfires.