Integrated Phyto-Bio-Synthetic Matrix for Self-Healing Bio- Concrete: Performance and Durability Evaluation

Cracks in concrete make it easier for chloride ions to enter, which accelerates corrosion of the reinforcement and
reduces durability. Traditional repair methods are often expensive and increase carbon emissions. In this study, we
introduce a self-healing concrete that uses an Integrated Phyto-Bio-Synthetic (IPBS) matrix. This matrix combines
pozzolanic densification, fiber-controlled crack regulation, and microbial calcite precipitation. Rice husk ash serves
as both a supplementary cement material and a carrier for microbes. Pre-treated bamboo fibers help bridge cracks,
neem and thulasi act as plant-based stabilizers, and Bacillus subtilis produces calcite. To determine how effectively
the IPBS system works, we conducted compressive, split tensile, and flexural strength tests. We corroborated the
findings with permeability indicators and photographs of crack closure during wet-dry curing. Scanning electron
microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) revealed microstructural details that corroborated these findings.
With these improvements, the IPBS mix achieved compressive, split tensile, and flexural strengths that were 20%
higher than those of regular concrete. The system also became much more durable: crack-healing efficiency increased
from about 5% to 55%, and permeability and chloride ingress dropped significantly. In summary, the IPBS system
uses agricultural waste and repairs cracks automatically. This approach improves both strength and durability and
helps produce concrete with a lower carbon footprint.
Keywords: Integrated Phyto-Bio-Synthetic matrix; microbial self-healing concrete; rice husk ash; bamboo fiber
reinforcement; phytogenic stabilizers; Bacillus subtilis; durability and permeability