PRODUCTION OF VERMICOMPOST FROM DIFFERENT ANIMAL MANURES

Vermicomposting is an environmentally sustainable biotechnology that utilizes
earthworms and associated microorganisms to convert organic residues into stabilized, nutrientrich organic manure. Animal manures such as sheep, cow, and poultry manure are abundant agricultural by-products with significant nutrient potential but may pose environmental risks if improperly managed. This chapter provides a comprehensive evaluation of vermicompost
production using different animal manures, detailing physicochemical transformations,
operational parameters, nutrient dynamics, microbiological characteristics, and agronomic
performance. Emphasis is placed on thermophilic pre-composting, C/N ratio optimization, pathogen reduction, moisture regulation, and controlled earthworm inoculation. Comparative analysis demonstrates that manure-based vermicompost enhances soil fertility, improves crop productivity, and supports sustainable nutrient cycling systems.