Significance of secondary nutrients and their management in groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.): A review

Groundnut ranks third among oilseeds production in India, contributing about 15% to the country’s total vegetable oil production. It is predominantly cultivated in arid and semi-arid regions, largely under rainfed conditions. Compared to other crops, groundnut requires higher amount of secondary nutrients for optimal growth and productivity. In groundnut, yield losses due to deficiencies of secondary nutrients have been estimated at 27% for calcium, 30% for magnesium and 25% for sulphur. Calcium plays a crucial role in pod development and filling, while magnesium, being the central component of chlorophyll, is essential for photosynthesis. Sulphur is vital for the synthesis of amino acids and proteins, thereby improving oil quality. Despite its importance, the average productivity of groundnut in India remains below the global average. Therefore, optimizing secondary nutrient management is a key in reducing pop formation and enhancing both the yield and quality of groundnut pods and oil. In the recent past, nutrient management practices have evolved with the introduction of new nutrient sources and refined application strategies to better meet crop requirements. In this context, the present review compiles and analyzes existing literature on the importance of secondary nutrients and highlights recent advances in their management for enhancing groundnut poductivity.