Voices of Many Tongues: Rethinking Education through Mother Language in Multilingual Societies

Abstract
Mother Tongue-Based Education (MTBE) has gained global
recognition as an effective strategy for improving educational
outcomes, particularly in multilingual and multicultural contexts.
This paper examines the multifaceted challenges and
opportunities involved in implementing MTBE. It critically
evaluates pedagogical limitations, socio-political resistance, and
infrastructural constraints that impede its broader application. At
the same time, it underscores the significant cognitive, cultural,
and linguistic advantages of mother tongue instruction. Drawing
on global case studies and existing research, the paper offers
practical strategies to address implementation barriers and
enhance the effectiveness of MTBE, promoting inclusive,
equitable, and high-quality education for all learners.
Keywords: Mother tongue, Multilingualism, Language policy,
Education, Equity, Language of instruction.