EMERGING OF PRECISION MEDICINE THAT IMPACT ON PHARMACY PRACTICE

ABSTRACT:
Most medical treatments are designed for the average patient as a one-size-fits-all-approach, which
may be successful for some patients but not for all. Precision medicine, sometimes known as
"personalized medicine" is an innovative approach to tailoring disease prevention and treatment that
takes into account differences in people's genes, environments, and lifestyles. The goal of precision
medicine is to target the right treatments to the right patients at the right time. Advances in precision
medicine have already led to powerful new discoveries and FDA-approved treatments that are
tailored to specific characteristics of individuals, such as a person's genetic makeup, or the genetic
profile of an individual's tumor. Patients with a variety of cancers routinely undergo molecular
testing as part of patient care, enabling physicians to select treatments that improve chances of
survival and reduce exposure to adverse effects. Personalized medicine generally involves the use
of two medical products typically, a diagnostic device and a therapeutic product to improve patient
outcomes. A diagnostic device is a type of medical device. Diagnostic devices include both in vitro
tests such as assays used in measurement of genetic factors and in vivo tests, such as
electroencephalography (EEG), electrocardiography (ECG), or diagnostic imaging equipment.
Many medical device therapies are now capable of being tailored to specific patient characteristics.
Additionally, physiological sensors can be used to predict treatment responses for individual
patients. For example, three dimensional (3D) printing has been used to create personalized medical
devices based on imaging of a patient’s anatomy. The various tools by which precision medicine
seeks to achieve its goals are omics, pharmaco-omics, big data, artificial intelligence, machine
learning (ML), environmental, social and behavioural factors and integration with preventive and
public health.

Keywords: Personalized medicine, Clinical practice, Genetic profile, Targeted medication,
Machine learning.