Dual Action in Diabetes Management: A Comprehensive Review on the Synergistic Role of Melatonin and Metformin Combination Therapy in Glycemic control and Metabolic Regulation

The management of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) involves a multifaceted approach that typically includes lifestyle modifications and pharmacological interventions. Among the emerging therapeutic strategies, the combination of melatonin and metformin has garnered attention due to their potential synergistic effects in glucose control and metabolic regulation. Melatonin, a pineal gland-derived hormone, is known for its role in regulating circadian rhythms but has also demonstrated anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Recent studies suggest melatonin’s potential to improve insulin sensitivity and reduce blood glucose levels, making it a promising adjunct to traditional diabetes therapies. On the other hand, metformin, the first-line pharmacotherapy for T2DM, works by enhancing insulin sensitivity, reducing hepatic glucose production, and improving peripheral glucose uptake.