Profiling of Phytoconstituents and Antimicrobial Evaluation of Wrightia tinctoria Leaf Extracts

The Indian traditional system of medicine recognizes Wrightia tinctoria R.Br. (Apocyanaceae) as a biologically effective therapy for jaundice. They are of interest to the pharmaceutical industry because they are a wild medicinal plant with a wide range of function and biological effects. Different organic solvents, including Petroleum ether, N-butanol, Carbinol, and Acetone, were employed for extracting phytocompounds. The extracted substances und went phytochemical analysis, antibacterial testing, and compound characterization through techniques like GC-MS and FT-IR analysis. Among the four extracts, carbinol and N Butanol extracted the highest number of phytoconstituents, The extracts were tested for antibacterial activity against E. coli, S. aureus, Pseudomonas, Klebsiella, and Enterobacter. Among these, Enterobacter sp exhibited the greatest sensitivity in Carbinol extract (15.33±0.58), while Klebsiella sp showed similar sensitivity levels in both carbinol and N- butanol extract. (14.67±0). FT-IR analysis identified several functional groups, including hydroxyl (O-H), aliphatic (C-H), alkene (C-C), and carbonyl (C-O) groups. The GC-MS analysis of the carbinol extract from Wrightia tinctori identified 28 active compounds, with Butanoic acid (5.1419), Butanoic acid, 2-methylpropyl ester (6.3145), and n-Hexadecenoic acid (18.2658) possessing antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer properties. This study depends the comprehension of the phytocompounds found in Wrightia tinctori leaf extracts and supports the plant's traditional medicinal applications by examining its antibacterial properties. The significant antibacterial properties of Wrightia tinctori leaf extracts are likely due to the presence of terpenes, flavonoids, vitamin E, and other well-documented compounds. This research involves the identification of phytochemicals and the antibacterial properties of the carbinol extract from Wrightia tinctoria, supporting therapeutic claims about this species in traditional medicine.

Keywords: Wrightia tinctoria, FTIR, GC-MS, phytocompounds, Antibacterial activity.