ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN GLOBAL DEVELOPMENT: OPPORTUNITIES, CHALLENGES, AND REGULATORY FRAMEWORKS - AN INTERNATIONAL PERSPECTIVE

Abstract The accelerating integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) across the economic, social, and institutional domains of nations worldwide marks one of the most consequential technological shifts of the twenty-first century. This study critically examines the development trajectory of AI from its conceptual origins to its contemporary multi-sectoral applications, analysing both the transformative benefits it offers and the complex challenges that accompany its adoption. Drawing on comparative evidence from developed and developing economies—with particular focus on India, Kenya, Brazil, Rwanda, and Vietnam—the paper charts the divergent paths nations have taken in harnessing AI for growth and social equity. The research further evaluates the evolving global regulatory landscape, interrogating how legislative frameworks in the United States, European Union, and emerging markets attempt to govern AI deployment responsibly. Findings reveal that while AI holds significant promise for inclusive development, bridging the adoption gap requires coordinated investment in infrastructure, human capital, and governance. The study concludes by articulating a framework for ethical and inclusive AI integration that can inform policy across diverse national contexts.