A REVIEW OF ANTIEPILEPTIC DRUGS AND THEIR ASSOCIATED ADVERSE EVENTS

ABSTRACT
Epilepsy is such a chronic neurological disorder that has recurrent unprovoked seizures and affects millions of
people worldwide. Antiepileptic drugs are central in managing the disease to lessen or eradicate seizure episodes
and improve patients' quality of life. Despite their therapeutic potential, AEDs are often associated with various
unwanted events that can significantly adversely affect treatment adherence, tolerability, and long-term outcomes.
This overall review elaborates on the pharmacological classifications, mechanisms of action, and clinical
applications of first-generation and second-generation AEDs. More importantly, common drug reactions, which
may range from mild side effects such as dizziness and gastrointestinal discomfort to more severe events including
hepatotoxicity, dermatological reactions, psychiatric disturbances, and hematological abnormalities. Genetic and
patient-specific factors in adverse drug reactions, therapeutic drug monitoring, and individualized approaches are
discussed in this review. Safety profile evaluation is essential for treatment optimization to prevent risks and
improve patient outcomes.

KEYWORDS: Epilepsy, Antiepileptic drugs (AEDs), Adverse drug reactions, Mechanism of action,
Individualized treatment.