A Systematic Review Of Lamotrigine, Valproate Sodium, And Levetiracetam: Therapeutic Outcomes In Idiopathic Generalized Epilepsy

ABSTRACT- Idiopathic Generalized Tonic Clonic Seizures are a common manifestation of epilepsy
requiring effective long term management. Lamotrigene, valproate sodium and levetiracetam are
commonly prescribed drugs.Lamotrigene is a broad spectrum antiepileptic drug, Evidence suggests
that lamotigene effectively reduces seizure frequency while demonstrating a favorable safety profile,
while well-tolerated and associated with fewer cognitive and psychiatric adverse effects, demonstrates
comparatively lower efficacy in monotherapy for GTCS. Levetiracetam has demonstrated
effectiveness comparable to traditional AEDs such as valproate and lamotrigine, with the
advantage of minimal drug interactions and a lower risk of cognitive impairment.
Levetiracetam, recognized for its favorable pharmacokinetic profile and minimal drug
interactions, provides an alternative option, though neuropsychiatric side effects may impact
patient adherence. Sodium valproate remains a highly effective first-line therapy due to its
broad-spectrum activity, but concerns regarding teratogenicity and metabolic side effects
limit its use in certain populations.The findings indicate that VPA remains one of the most
effective treatment options for GTCS, particularly when used within an optimal dosage
range. This review evaluates and compares the efficacy, tolerability, and these side effect
profiles of three commonly prescribed antiepileptic drugs—lamotrigine (LTG), sodium
valproate (SV), and levetiracetam (LEV)—in the treatment of adult patients with idiopathic
GTCS.