ILO CONVENTIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS ON SOCIAL SECURITY

The International Labour Organization (ILO) has played a pivotal role in promoting social justice through the
establishment of international labor standards, including those related to social security. This paper explores
the ILO conventions and recommendations that form the cornerstone of global social protection systems.
Central to this framework is ILO Convention No. 102 (1952) on Minimum Standards of Social Security,
which outlines the essential elements of a comprehensive social security system, including medical care,
sickness, unemployment, old age, employment injury, family, maternity, invalidity, and survivors’ benefits.
The study also examines more specific instruments, such as Conventions No. 121, 128, and 183, and relevant
recommendations that guide member states in enhancing their social protection policies. Emphasis is placed
on the relevance of these instruments in contemporary times, especially in the context of economic crises,
demographic shifts, and global health emergencies. The abstract underscores the challenges of implementation
and the role of tripartite dialogue and international cooperation in advancing inclusive, rights-based socialsecurity systems. The findings advocate for stronger national and international commitment to extending
social protection to all, particularly vulnerable populations.