PHARMACOKINETICS OF NOVEL DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS

This review examines novel drug delivery systems for iron, including carrier-based, M-celltargeting, and controlled/sustained-release formulations, to improve iron bioavailability while
reducing gastrointestinal side effects seen with conventional iron therapy.Significance: Iron
deficiency anemia (lDA) remains a major global health problem, especially among
women.children, and other vulnerable groups, and is linked to poor maternal and public
health outcomes.This review summarizes recent literature, clinical trials, and patents to
outline the advantages, limitations, and future potential of advanced iron delivery
technologies. Better understanding of these systems may support thedevelopment of safer and
more effective iron therapies.Advanced delivery systems such as liposomes, hydrogels,
microspheres, nanoparticles,solid lipid nanoparticles, and sucrosomial iron enhance intestinal
iron absorption and improve systemic bioavailability compared with conventional products.
M-cell targeting promotes transcytosis of iron across the intestinal epithelium, further
increasing absorption.Controlled-release and gastroretentive dosage forms prolong iron
release at absorption sites and help reduce gastrointestinal adverse effects.