NIPAH VIRUS IN KERALA: EPIDEMIOLOGY, TREATMENT GAPS & ROLE OF PHARMACISTS

Background: Nipah virus (NiV) is a highly lethal zoonotic pathogen with recurrent outbreaks reported in Kerala, India. Limited therapeutic options, delayed diagnosis, and challenges in outbreak control have contributed to high fatality rates. Aim and objective: To analyze the epidemiological trends of Nipah outbreaks in Kerala and assess the treatment gaps with a special focus on the role of pharmacists. Methodology: A narrative review was conducted using published literature, government health reports, and WHO/ICMR guidelines related to Nipah virus outbreaks in Kerala (2018–2023). Data on epidemiology, treatment approaches, and pharmacist interventions were compiled and analyzed. Results and Conclusion: Nipah virus outbreaks in Kerala demonstrated case fatality rates ranging from 65% to 90%. Current management strategies remain largely supportive, with limited experimental use of ribavirin and monoclonal antibodies. The absence of a licensed vaccine and effective antiviral therapy highlights critical treatment gaps. Pharmacists play a key role in rational drug use, patient counseling, infection control, and ensuring access to essential medicines. Strengthening their involvement is crucial to improve outbreak preparedness and response.