Sustainability and Environmental Chemistry: Principles, Processes, and Remediation

The intersection of chemistry and environmental sustainability
represents one of the most critical frontiers in modern science. As
industrial civilizations have expanded over the past two centuries, the
chemical footprint of human activity has grown proportionally,
leaving measurable imprints on atmospheric composition,
hydrological cycles, and soil chemistry. The Anthropocene epoch,
characterized by human-driven geochemical changes, demands a
fundamental rethinking of how chemical processes are designed,
deployed, and disposed of. Environmental chemistry, as a discipline,
seeks to understand the fate and transformation of chemical
substances within natural systems—from molecular-level reactions
to ecosystem-scale consequences