Bacteriophage Therapy Against Biofilm-Forming MDR Pseudomonas aeruginosa: Insights into Efficacy and Mechanisms

ABSTRACT
Bacteria possess an outer layer known as a biofilm, which contributes to their resistance. Genetic mutations in pathogenic
microbiota posed significant challenges to human health. The treatment of harmful bacteria has become increasingly
difficult, leading pharmaceutical companies to withdraw from developing drugs targeting bacterial resistance.
Consequently, there are limited alternative approaches available for treating bacterial infections, with phage therapy
emerging as one of the more accessible options in certain countries, such as Russia, Georgia, and Poland, as well as in
some states within the United States. Phages act as a bactericidal agent, targeting certain bacteria. There are various types
of phages, each with distinct properties that influence the microbial environment. Beneficial phages have important roles
in Phage therapy and are the focus of our study, which specifically examines the interactions between biofilm-forming
bacteria and Pseudomonas bacteriophages. The study primarily focuses on the predominant multidrug-resistant strain,
Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and its interactions with both strong and weak bacteriophage activities, which play a significant
role in healthcare systems. This research may benefit populations by offering an alternative treatment strategy for diseases
caused by biofilm – producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
KEYWORDS: Biofilm, Bacteriophages, Phage Therapy, Multi Drug Resistance (MDR), Bacteriophage – biofilm
interaction