Green Fabrication of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles from Lawsonia inermis and Assessment of Their Germination Potential

Green synthesis has attracted considerable attention as a reliable, sustainable, and ecofriendly
approach for the production of a wide range of nanomaterials, including metal oxide
nanoparticles, hybrid materials, and bio-inspired structures. This approach is increasingly recognized as
an effective alternative to conventional synthesis methods, which often rely on hazardous chemicals
and generate toxic byproducts. In particular, the biological synthesis of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles
has emerged as a promising substitute for traditional chemical routes, significantly reducing associated
environmental and health risks.In the present study, Lawsonia inermis (henna) leaf extract was utilized
for the green synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles using the sol–gel method. The synthesized nanoparticles
were subsequently evaluated for their effects on mung bean (Vigna radiata) seed germination. The
results revealed notable influences on germination percentage as well as early seedling growth,
highlighting the potential agricultural applications of biogenically synthesized ZnO nanoparticles.
Keywords: Lawsonia inermis, Zinc oxide nanoparticles, Green synthesis, Eco-friendly approach, Metal
oxides, Seed germination.