DIGITAL EXPLOITATION OF WOMEN AND CHILDREN: LEGAL REMEDIES IN THE CYBER AG

The rapid expansion of digital technologies has transformed communication,
governance, education, and commerce worldwide. However, alongside these
advancements, cyberspace has emerged as a significant site of exploitation,
particularly affecting women and children. Digital exploitation includes
cyberstalking, online grooming, non-consensual dissemination of intimate
images, identity theft, trafficking through digital platforms, and child sexual
abuse material (CSAM). Despite the existence of multiple statutory
safeguards in India, enforcement gaps, jurisdictional complexities, and
technological challenges continue to hinder effective protection. This paper
critically examines the legal framework governing digital exploitation of
women and children in India, evaluates judicial responses, and identifies
implementation challenges. It argues that while legislative developments
such as the Information Technology Act, 2000, the Protection of Children
from Sexual Offences Act, 2012, and the Digital Personal Data Protection
Act, 2023 provide a foundational structure, stronger institutional
coordination, intermediary accountability, and victim-centric remedies
remain necessary. The paper concludes by recommending comprehensive
reforms integrating technological innovation, legal modernization, and
digital literacy initiatives.