Prevalence of Diabetes Mellitus Complications: Burden and Risks in the South Indian Population

Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) is a persistent metabolic condition marked by elevated blood glucose levels, with a
global increase in prevalence and associated complications. This study investigated the occurrence and impact of diabetesrelated complications, including cardiovascular, renal, ocular, neuropathic, and hypoglycemic events, among patients at a tertiary care center in South India. Over 1.5 years, 353 individuals with T1DM were assessed using a prospective observational design. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS version 24.
The participants' average age was 46.1±10.8 years, with most being male (69.97%) and from rural areas (58.92%). Postintervention data showed significant improvements, such as a reduction in HbA1c levels from 7.7±0.6% to 6.9±0.4% and
lower smoking and alcohol consumption rates. Cardiovascular issues were most common, with hypertension (31.16%),
stroke (23.23%), and myocardial infarction (20.68%) leading. Renal complications like nephropathy (13.03%) and endstage renal disease (11.90%) were also prominent. Infected foot ulcers (18.70%), neuropathy (18.70%), and depression
(33.14%) were notable comorbidities. Hypoglycemic episodes highlighted the need for better glycemic regulation.
The findings emphasize the need for comprehensive care strategies, including early diagnosis, tailored risk management, and lifestyle modifications. Multidisciplinary approaches integrating physical and mental health interventions are crucial for mitigating complications and improving outcomes in T1DM patients. Targeted efforts are essential to address the unique challenges faced by high-risk groups. Further research is required to enhance preventive and therapeutic strategies for managing diabetes complications effectively.