Artificial Intelligence and Human Rights:Constitutional Challenges to State Power in the Digital Age

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has emerged as a transformative technology that is increasingly integrated into governance, public administration, and decision-making processes. While AI offers significant benefits such as efficiency, accuracy, and improved public services, it also raises serious constitutional and human rights concerns. In the digital age, the use of AI by the state in areas such as surveillance, policing, welfare distribution, and administrative decision-making has the potential to affect fundamental rights including the right to privacy, equality before law, freedom of expression, and due process.
This paper examines the constitutional challenges posed by the use of Artificial Intelligence in the exercise of state power. It explores how algorithmic decision-making and automated systems may lead to issues such as lack of transparency, algorithmic bias, discrimination, and erosion of individual autonomy. The study also analyses the need for constitutional safeguards to ensure that AI systems used by public authorities remain accountable, transparent, and consistent with human rights standards.Further, the paper evaluates the role of constitutional principles such as rule of law, proportionality, and accountability in regulating AI-driven governance. By examining emerging legal frameworks and judicial responses, the research highlights the necessity for a human rights-based approach in the development and deployment of AI technologies. The study ultimately argues that while Artificial Intelligence can enhance governance, it must operate within constitutional limits to protect individual rights and prevent misuse of public power in the digital era.