Bioremediation of Various Industrial Effluents Utilizing Microorganism-Assisted Nanotechnology: Industrial and Environmental Perspectives

One of the biggest global concerns is how to handle industrial sludge in a way that is both environmentally and economically feasible. The widely used methods for disposing of industrial sludge include burning, composting, drying at high temperature, dispersing the sludge on the ground, lime stabilization, and landfilling. The bulk of India's textile businesses discharged their Industrial waste into agriculture fields, waste yard, fallow ground, poorly managed wasteland, and along railroad line due to exorbitant sludge management costs. It further contaminates groundwater, creating a serious threat to human health. Meanwhile, spreading land, disposing of waste have become extremely expensive and unfeasible due to a lack of available landfill space, strict national regulations for the disposal of waste, and increased local awareness. In the majority of developing nations, sludge management procedures are inadequate are not well developed. Now a Days several factories were practicing ecofriendly and low-cost industrial effluent treatment process (Kummerer et al., 2019). The improper handling and subsequent discharge of dangerous effluents into groundwater and other large bodies of water through sewage drains adversely affect animal health and aquatic life. Additionally, inadequately treated effluents may lead to contamination of the air, land surface, soil, and other elements of the ecosystem