Comparative Study on Green Synthesis, Characterization, and Biological Applications of Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles Using Artabotrys hexapetalus, Justicia adhatoda, Gloriosa superba, and Murraya koenigii Leaf Extracts.

Cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeO₂ NPs) have garnered significant attention due to their unique
physicochemical properties, including high redox activity, oxygen storage capacity, and
biocompatibility. Green synthesis methods utilizing plant leaf extracts offer an eco-friendly, costeffective
alternative to traditional chemical approaches, minimizing toxic byproducts and enhancing
nanoparticle stability through natural capping agents. This review article compares the green synthesis,
characterization, and biological applications of CeO₂ NPs derived from four medicinal plant leaf
extracts: Artabotrys hexapetalus, Justicia adhatoda, Gloriosa superba, and Murraya koenigii. Drawing
from recent studies, we highlight variations in synthesis protocols, nanoparticle properties (e.g., size,
shape, and band gap), and applications such as antibacterial, anticancer, and photocatalytic activities.
Comparative analysis reveals plant-specific influences on NP morphology and efficacy, underscoring
the potential for tailored biomedical and environmental uses.