Investigation of strength, durability, and water resistance of sorghum stalk particles reinforced with Acacia caesia fiber composites

This study seeks to develop and assess a new hybrid natural composite reinforced with sorghum stalk particles (SSp) and Acacia caesia fibers (ACF) by examining its mechani￾cal and physical properties, alongside microstructural analysis. The composite specimens were fabricated using the hand lay-up technique to ensure effective integration of the reinforcements within the matrix. Adding 12 wt% SSp to the test samples decreased their density by 40%, and as the fiber content grew, so did its water absorption (WA). Highest
tensile strength (29.42 MPa) and modulus (3.83 GPa) were observed in the sample with 4 wt% and 12 wt% of SSp, respectively. At 12 wt% SSp, the maximum flexural strength and modulus were reached, while the highest impact strength of 106.14 J/m was observed at 8 wt% SSp. The addition of AC (18 wt%) fiber einforcement to the SSp reinforced composite resulted in an improvement. The findings indicate that the incorporation of SSp and ACF enhances composite performance, with a reduction in density and an increase in water absorption at higher fiber content. Mechanical properties showed overall improve￾ment, with tensile strength reaching its peak at lower reinforcement levels, flexural proper￾ties at higher content, and impact strength at intermediate levels. The developed composite demonstrates significant potential as a lightweight, cost-effective, and sustainable material for engineering applications.