Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and Huntington's diseases are characterized by progressive neuronal loss, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and cognitive decline. The most prevalent and bioactive catechin in green tea, epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), has shown promise as a neuroprotective agent because of its many biological properties. The review discusses the potential of EGCG in combating neurodegeneration and cognitive impairments through antioxidant benefits and signaling pathways. Recent advancements in structural analogs, liposomal encapsulation, and nanoformulations have shown potential in improving pharmacokinetics. High dosage safety issues and inter-individual response variability remain significant challenges in the field of medicine. The review emphasizes the importance of structured clinical trials, formulation uniformity, biomarker-guided monitoring, and customized therapy approaches to fully realize EGCG's potential as a neuroprotective drug. EGCG improves autophagic clearance, reduces tau hyperphosphorylation, and inhibits amyloid-beta aggregation, aiding in neuroprotective properties. Early clinical trials suggest it can be used as an adjuvant therapy, and recent advancements in formulation and delivery techniques are promising.
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Acknowledgements
The authors are thankful to their own institutions and to the Deanship of Research and Graduate Studies, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia, for financially supporting this work through the Large Research Group Project under Grant no. R.G.P.2/410/46.
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Md. Al Amin: conceptualization; data curation; formal analysis; investigation; methodology; resources; software; supervision; visualization; roles/writing—original draft; writing—review and editing. Mehrukh Zehravi: data curation; investigation; methodology; resources; software; roles/writing—original draft; writing—review and editing; Supervision. Sherouk Hussein Sweilam: data curation; investigation; methodology; resources; software; roles/writing—original draft; writing—review and editing. Thukani Sathanantham Shanmugarajan: data curation; investigation; methodology; resources; software; roles/writing—original draft; writing—review and editing. Uppuluri Varuna Naga Venkata Arjun: formal analysis; investigation; validation; visualization; roles/writing—review and editing. Mogan Babu Nagaiyan: formal analysis; investigation; validation; visualization; roles/writing—review and editing. S. Mounika Reddy: formal analysis; investigation; validation; visualization; roles/writing—review and editing. Vijayakumar Subash: formal analysis; investigation; validation; visualization; roles/writing—review and editing. Kalam Mary swarnalatha: formal analysis; investigation; validation; visualization; roles/writing—review and editing. Arjun Pazhanikumar: formal analysis; investigation; validation; visualization; roles/writing—review and editing. Joel Mart: formal analysis; investigation; validation; visualization; roles/writing—review and editing. P. Dharani Prasad: formal analysis; investigation; validation; visualization; roles/writing—review and editing. Mohammad Idreesh Khan: formal analysis; investigation; validation; visualization; roles/writing—review and editing. Irfan Ahmad: formal analysis; investigation; validation; visualization; roles/writing—review and editing. Talha Bin Emran: conceptualization; formal analysis; funding acquisition; investigation; methodology; project administration; supervision; validation; visualization; writing—review and editing. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript. The authors confirm that no paper mill and artificial intelligence was used.
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Al Amin, M., Zehravi, M., Sweilam, S.H. et al. Clinical insights into catechin-based nanomedicine: a review of therapeutic potential in neurodegenerative diseases. 3 Biotech 15, 294 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13205-025-04470-8
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13205-025-04470-8