In vitro Antioxidant activity and Phytochemical composition of Syringodium isoetifolium

The resultant extracts were subjected to the phytochemical screening assay to identify the presence of several phytochemicals. The examined primary and secondary metabolites were flavonoids, coumarins, tannins, terpenoids, carbohydrates, alkaloids, fixed oils, emodins, anthraquinones, betacyanins, anthocyanin, phenols, proteins, amino acids, steroids, saponins, and glycosides. The results gained from the phytochemical screening assay showed that coumarin backbone could be determined in the prepared chloroform and methanol extracts. Based on the acquired results, the chloroform extract obtained from the ultrasound-facilitated extraction method engaged in a nonserial mode was chosen to separate and isolate its coumarin contents. As the operations of the isolation and purification finished, five simple coumarins (R1-R5) were gained. Their chemical structures were qualified by means of analyzing their FTIR, 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR spectra and also by matching their spectral information alongside with their physical properties to those found in the literature. The biological activities of the isolated products were screened for their in vitro antioxidant and antitumor potentials. The first potential was studied by examining the capacity of the isolated simple coumarins for scavenging DPPH and hydroxyl free radicals. The second potential was detected by testing the antitumor activity of the isolated coumarins versus HeLa and MCF-7 cancer cell lines utilizing MTT assay. The results showed that the isolated simple coumarins have encouraging antiradical and antitumor activities with prevalence attributed to the compounds R3 and R5. Also, the results revealed a significant positive correlation between the antioxidant activity of the isolated coumarins and their antitumor activity. It is proposed that the possible mechanism of the antitumor activity of the isolated coumarins could be contributed to their ability to scavenge the free radicals. A relation between the chemical structural characteristics of coumarins and their antioxidant capacity has been highlighted and frequently found in the literature. This capacity may be related to the number of phenolic hydroxyl groups located on the coumarin nucleus and to the ability of the ortho substitution for donating electrons to adjacent hydroxyl group. To test this hypothesis on the isolated simple coumarins, compound R3 with the best free radicals scavenging activities was chemically revised in such a way to cover the effect of its hydroxyl groups on the antiradical activity. The results acquired from the test of biological activities concerning the semisynthetic compound R6 revealed that this chemical revision results in a marked decrease in the antiradical activity as well as the antitumor activity. This exhibited two important issues: the first one is the acceptability of the aforementioned hypothesis while the second issue is the possible mechanism of antitumor activity of the isolated coumarins may be relied on their antioxidant activity.

Fundamental screening of phytochemicals is a significant advance, in the location of the bioactive standards present in restorative plants and therefore may prompt medication disclosure and improvement. In the current examination, chief phytoconstituents of the six chose restorative plants of various families were distinguished so as to relate their essence with bioactivities of the plants.Screening of six chose therapeutic plants was performed for the presence of tannins, flavonoids, terpenoids, saponins, steroids, phlobatannins, starches, glycosides, coumarins, alkaloids, proteins, emodins, anthraquinones, anthocyanins and leucoanthocyanins utilizing standard strategies.All the chose restorative plants were found to contain tannins and flavonoids. In addition, terpenoids were additionally present in all the chose plants aside from P. dactylifera. but P. dactylifera. Then again, saponins and steroids were missing in all plants aside from S. chirata and phlobatannins were missing in all plants aside from R. sativus. Likewise, starches, glycosides and coumarins were available in all the chose plants aside from P. dactylifera and R. sativus. Alkaloids were available in all the chose plants aside from F. religiosa, P. dactylifera and R. sativus. Proteins were available just in F. religiosa and S. chirata. Though emodins, anthraquinones, anthocyanins and leucoanthocyanins were missing in all the chose six plants.It is evident from the study that S. chirata is of highest therapeutic efficacy possessing majority of phytochemical classes of compounds and P. dactylifera is of lowest therapeutic potential due to the absence of majority of phytoconstituents.

Sea grass are good source of potent drug which has medicinal properties and able to cure human disease. One such marine plant is the Enhalus acoroides which belong to hydrocharitaeceae family. This marine species are widely distributed in the tropics of Indian and western Pacific Ocean and the species were collected from Ramanathapuram district for further process. This study reveals about the bioactive components present in Enhalus acoroides and identified its biological activity by Gas chromatography Mass spectrometry analysis using hydroalcoholic extract. The compounds present in Enhalus acoroides are Benzoic acid, 2- methyl 7- oxa bicyclol heptanes, 1, 3 Nonadiene, silane, ethoxytriethyl. Biological activities of the compounds present in the sample include antioxidant, hypocholesterolemic, antihypertensive, anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, antiviral and anti-hepatotoxic effect.

Seagrass are marine plants, grown in saline environments and fully submerged in the sea. They are widely distributed along the tropical and subtropical regions. A seagrass called, Syringodium isoetifolium comes under the family Cymodoceaceae, this grass is otherwise called as noodle grass. Phytochemical compounds such as flavonoids, terpenoids coumarins, xanthoproteins, sugars, carboxylic acids can be extracted by the solvents such as methanol, hexane, and acetone. Syringodium isoetifolium has pharmacological activities such as antioxidant, antihemolytic, antibacterial cytotoxicity, and antifungal activity. During photosynthesis, lacunal gas is discharged from lacunae, and it is composed of oxygen and nitrogen. Pheophytin a compound was isolated from the crude extract of Syringodium isoetifolium by treating it with human pathogens. Binding sites of the pathogen can be found by the Molecular docking study. In this article, we discuss about the phytochemical constituents, pharmacological activities, and morphological characteristics of Syringodium isoetifolium.

Objective: Preliminary screening of phytochemicals is a valuable step, in the detection of the bioactive principles present in medicinal plants and subsequently may lead to drug discovery and development. In the present study, chief phytoconstituents of the six selected medicinal plants of different families were identified in order to relate their presence with bioactivities of the plants. Methods: Screening of six selected medicinal plants was performed for the presence of tannins, flavonoids, terpenoids, saponins, steroids, phlobatannins, carbohydrates, glycosides, coumarins, alkaloids, proteins, emodins, anthraquinones, anthocyanins and leucoanthocyanins using standard methods. Results: All the selected medicinal plants were found to contain tannins and flavonoids. Moreover, terpenoids were also present in all the selected plants except P. dactylifera. except P. dactylifera. On the other hand, saponins and steroids were absent in all plants except S. chirata and phlobatannins were absent in all plants except R. sativus. In addition, carbohydrates, glycosides and coumarins were present in all the selected plants except P. dactylifera and R. sativus. Alkaloids were present in all the selected plants except F. religiosa, P. dactylifera and R. sativus. Proteins were present only in F. religiosa and S. chirata. Whereas emodins, anthraquinones, anthocyanins and leucoanthocyanins were absent in all the selected six plants. Conclusion: It is evident from the study that S. chirata is of highest therapeutic efficacy possessing majority of phytochemical classes of compounds and P. dactylifera is of lowest therapeutic potential due to the absence of majority of phytoconstituents.