Human–Animal Co-Existence In India: Legal Framework, Challenges, And The Role Of Sterilization And Vaccination
- IJLLR Journal
- Apr 25
- 1 min read
Manjula. G, LLB, VELS Institute of Science Technology and Advanced Studies
L. Keerthana, Assistant Professor, School of Law, VISTAS
ABSTRACT
Human–animal co-existence in India reflects the complex intersection between law, ethics, and ecology. With rapid urbanization and increasing human population density, conflict between humans and community animals—particularly dogs and cattle—has intensified. The legal framework established by the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Act, 1960 and the Animal Birth Control Rules, 2001 and 2023 seeks to balance public safety with animal welfare through humane management measures such as sterilization and vaccination. However, the gap between legislation and ground realities remains wide due to inadequate implementation, lack of funding, and limited public awareness.
This study analyses the existing laws, socio-legal challenges, and policy mechanisms governing community animals in India, focusing on sterilization and vaccination as humane and scientifically proven strategies. The paper argues that strengthened implementation, institutional accountability, and civic participation are essential for sustainable human– animal harmony.
Keywords: Human–animal co-existence, community animals, legal framework, sterilization, vaccination, animal welfare, India.
